Introduction
VKH primarily affects the eye, skin, ears, and nervous system.
- Will explore the posterior eye aspect.
- Immune response to specific melanocytes, where T-cells begin to attack it
- Genetically susceptible individuals, such as impacted HLA-DR4, will suffer viral infections
- Viral infections are typically the trigger to VKH beginning
- Characterised by patchy depigmentation of the skin and alopecia (hair loss)
- Also associated with hearing loss and inner ear problems
Dead Giveaways
Acute Phase:
Characterised by choroidal thickening, disc hyperaemia and oedema, exudative retinal detachment, vitritis
From the Eye Wiki. Shows the choroidal thickening, disc hyperaemia and oedema 
Shows the exudative retinal detachment, with the choroidal thickening and folding. From Urzua C.A. et al. 2022. Each folded line represents are potential area of detachment
Chronic Phase:
Characterised by the Sunset Fundus, occuring due to complete depigmentation of the choroid.
From Gupta A et al. 2024. Shows the sunset glow appearance and hyperaemic disc of the chronic VKH phase
diagnostic features
Refer to Anterior Eye Diseases
Acute Phase:
Presents with bilateral acute granulomatous panuveitis
Poor control and treatment will lead to chronic VKH, which has a very poor visual outcome