Introduction
Neuroblastoma are tumours of nerve cells found in the sympathetic nervous system.
- Typically found in adrenal glands above kidney (~50%)
- Near the spine, check, neck or pelvis
- ~7% of all malignancies in children <15y
- ~25% cancers in first year of life are neuroblastomas; most frequent histological type of infact cancer; characterised by an initial lump in the spine, chest, neck or abdomen.
- Can be very aggressive, leading to 1 in 2 children surviving.
- Has an incidence <1year, afflicting approx. 35 per million.
- Declines rapidly with age to approx. 1 per million between 10 and 14
- Presents early, may be bilateral metastasis to the orbit with abrupt onset of proptosis with superior orbital mass and ecchymosis
- Metastatic neuroblastoma secondary to primary Rb are typically more frequent malignancy.
Dead Giveaways
Orbital Pseudotumour:
Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome
A group of inflammatory orbital "things" without infectious, neoplastic, systemic fibroinflammatory granulomatous or vascular disease
Relatively rare
Encompasses orbital inflammation that may be present without a space-occupying mass
diagnostic features
Other Features:
Periorbital ecchymosis (bruising), dysconjugate gaze, dilated and fixed pupils
Characteristics racoon eyes in neuroblastoma and metastasis to skull
Tumour obstruction of palpebral vessels in and around orbit.