Introduction
If it is binocular:
- Consider chiasmal or retrochiasmal lesions (due to decussation)
If it is monocular:
- Consider causes anterior to chiasm
- Vascular causes may include impending RAO, RVO, ocular ischaemic syndrome, retinal migrane or choroidal ischaemia
- Non-vascular causes can include anterior eye disease, refractive error, elevated IOP, vitreous or retinal pathology
Dead Giveaways
Sudden loss of vision, but will require screening
diagnostic features
Amaurosis Fugax
Transient monocular vision loss associated with occlusion or stenosis of internal carotid circulation
Risk of ipsilateral stroke increases by 16% over 3 years
Risks:
Strokes can occur
BE FAST --> balance, eyes, face, arms, speech, and time is valuable
Modifiable:
High BP
Heart disease
Diabetes
Smoking
Oral contraceptives
High cholesterol/hyperlipidaemia
Lack of exercise
Obesity
Excessive alcohol consumption
IV drug use
Non-modifiable:
Age > 55
Ethnicity --> 3x increased risk if African American
Gender predisposition
Greater incidence in males
Greater fatality rate in females
Genetics